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    "# Life Science ontologies and Knowledge Graphs, HANDS-ON\n",
    "\n",
    "At the end of this hands-on session, you will be able to\n",
    " - explore and search publicly available biomedical ontologies, combine knowledge provided by multiple ontologies,\n",
    " - exploit these ontologies: explore node neighborhood, navigate class hierarchies, retrieve synonyms\n",
    "\n",
    "BioPortal (https://bioportal.bioontology.org) is a large repository of biomedical ontologies gathering 1200+ ontologies and 12+ million classes. We will use this web resource to navigate and retrieve biomedical knowledge."
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   "source": [
    "## Question 1\n",
    "Search for two definitions of “mitral valve prolapse”, coming from two different ontologies."
   ]
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    "![data/mvp.png](data/mvp.png)\n",
    "\n",
    "Here are twow definitions of \"mitral valve prolapse\": \n",
    "\n",
    "- \"One or both of the leaflets (cusps) of the mitral valve bulges back into the left atrium upon contraction of the left ventricle. Mitral valve prolapse can be associated with mitral regurgitation.\" (from [HPO](http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001634))\n",
    "\n",
    "![data/mesh.png](data/mesh.png)\n",
    "\n",
    "- \"Abnormal protrusion or billowing of one or both of the leaflets of MITRAL VALVE into the LEFT ATRIUM during SYSTOLE. This allows the backflow of blood into left atrium leading to MITRAL VALVE INSUFFICIENCY; SYSTOLIC MURMURS; or CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA.\" (from [MeSH](http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D008945)) "
   ]
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   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Question 2\n",
    "\n",
    "In the human phenotype ontology, search for all sub-classes of “mitral stenosis”. You will use the “jump to” search box to directly display the corresponding class.\n"
   ]
  },
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   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "![data/mitral_stenosis.png](data/mitral_stenosis.png)"
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Question 3\n",
    "Still from the Human Phenotype Ontology, list “mitral valve prolapse” class mappings. Based on its corresponding class in the OMIM ontology (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man), retrieve possibly involved genes. You will need to navigate through “manifestation of” and “gene symbol” properties."
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "![data/omim1.png](data/omim1.png)\n",
    "\n",
    "![data/omim2.png](data/omim2.png)"
   ]
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